A-LEVEL NOTES
  • Home
  • Biology
    • AQA
    • OCR
  • Chemistry
    • AQA
    • OCR
  • Flashcards
  • Home
  • Biology
    • AQA
    • OCR
  • Chemistry
    • AQA
    • OCR
  • Flashcards
A-LEVEL NOTES

A-LEVEL BIOLOGY AQA NOTES 
regulation of transcription and translation


Picture
DOWNLOAD PDF
Made with ❤️by snaprevise.co.uk

Transcription Factors
  • In eukaryotes, transcription of target genes can be regulated by DNA-binding proteins (transcription factors). They can be help RNA polymerase bind (activators) or prevent it binding (repressors),
  • ​The steroid hormone oestrogen, released from the ovaries in women, can initiate transcription in target cells
Picture

​Regulating Translation
  • In eukaryotes and prokaryotes, the translation of mRNA can be inhibited by RNA interference (RNAi)
  • ​RNAi involves the degradation of the mRNA, reducing the gene’s level of expression. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) can carry out this process
Picture

Epigenetics
  • Epigenetics- changes in DNA that alter the expression of genes without changing the base sequence of DNA itself. It involves the addition of chemical tags onto DNA or histones.
  • ​The epigenetic changes can regulate transcription by changing how tightly the chromatin is packed (chromatin remodelling), affecting RNA polymerase accessibility.
Picture

A-LEVEL BIOLoGY

A-level AQA Biology
A-level OCR Biology
A-level Edexcel Biology

A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY

A-level AQA Chemistry
A-level OCR Chemistry
​A-level Edexcel Chemistry